National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod

The success of the first session of the Global Dialogue will be determined by the achievement of concrete and realistic outcomes within the scope of its mandate. First, it will entail the recognition of the diversity of approaches to AI regulation grounded in the Charter of the United Nations, national legislation and the sovereign right of States to determine their own regulatory models, while simultaneously registering initial points of convergence – for example, in the area of basic principles of AI safety, the protection of personal data, the provision of non-discriminatory access to technologies, and the inadmissibility of the use of AI to the detriment of human rights and development. Second, success will require the initiation of practical mechanisms for bridging divides, including through the exchange of best practices, the harmonization of approaches to open data and open models, as well as support for capacity‑building in developing countries, within the framework of existing multilateral mechanisms. Third, it will require the establishment of a format for regular interaction among existing initiatives, including those of the United Nations and other international organizations, and a broad range of relevant stakeholders, so that the Dialogue becomes not a one‑time event but a platform for continued discussion. The key indicator of success shall be the inclusion, in the Co‑Chairs' summary, of concrete and voluntary commitments by participants, such as on data sharing, joint research and educational programmes in the field of AI, together with a clear articulation of priority topics for consideration in the following year.

• Safe, secure and trustworthy AI
• AI capacity-building
• Protection and promotion of human rights
• Open-source software, open data and open AI models

These four clusters form the basis for equitable and sustainable artificial intelligence governance. With regard to safe, secure and trustworthy AI, it should be noted that in the absence of technical reliability and protection against cyberattacks, any other discussions lose their practical relevance. Capacity-building addresses the challenge of digital inequality: without investment in computing resources, data and human capital, developing countries will remain perpetual consumers of AI technologies rather than participants in their regulation. Respect for human rights constitutes a fundamental principle of international cooperation. In this connection, discriminatory practices, unauthorized surveillance and the absence of effective remedies are recognized as impermissible. Open models and open data help prevent monopolization by a small number of corporations and States, thereby ensuring verifiability, local adaptability and collective oversight.

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For the application of artificial intelligence in the field of medicine, safe, secure and trustworthy AI is of critical importance. The protection of personal data and medical diagnoses constitutes a priority in this area. Furthermore, capacity‑building is essential to enhance the accessibility of AI applications in medicine.

In accordance with the mandate established by United Nations General Assembly resolution A/RES/79/325, the Global Dialogue constitutes a platform for open, transparent and inclusive discussions, the exchange of best practices and lessons learned, as well as the development of common orientations for subsequent work. Its role in advancing international cooperation consists primarily in the creation of a standing platform within the United Nations system where Member States and all relevant stakeholders — including civil society, scientific and technical circles and the private sector — may, on an equal footing, compare different approaches to artificial intelligence governance. The Dialogue is intended to facilitate the identification of areas of practical convergence of positions without imposing uniform regulatory models, which is particularly important in the context of the sovereign right of States to determine their own legal regimes in the field of AI. Furthermore, the Dialogue may play a coordinating role with respect to existing multilateral initiatives, helping to reduce fragmentation of the international AI governance landscape and to strengthen mutual understanding among different processes without duplicating their functions.

In its work, the Global Dialogue would benefit from building upon the universal structures of the United Nations system, including the International Telecommunication Union, UNESCO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, as well as upon sectoral mechanisms open to the participation of all Member States. Interaction with regional and multilateral platforms in which the Russian Federation participates is of particular importance. These include BRICS, within which successful practices of cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence are already in operation and the BRICS Platform on Artificial Intelligence functions, as well as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Eurasian Economic Union. Furthermore, the International Alliance for Artificial Intelligence, established in 2024 and uniting the efforts of States and companies for scientific dialogue on the prospects for the development of AI technologies, deserves attention. The value added of the Global Dialogue lies in its ability to serve as a coordinating platform, linking the aforementioned diverse initiatives and facilitating the exchange of practical approaches developed within them. The Dialogue may contribute to the dissemination of successful models of regulation and cooperation to a broader range of participants, including those States that are not members of the above‑mentioned groupings. In so doing, it will help overcome the fragmentation of the international AI governance landscape and enhance the inclusivity of the global discussion, while remaining within the framework of its recommendatory mandate.

Governments may establish the "red lines" of public policy and undertake commitments regarding capacity‑building. The role of business is to share real‑world implementation practices and to propose the most suitable solutions.

Developing countries, least developed countries, small island developing States and countries with limited infrastructural capabilities. It is necessary to raise the interest of such States in international cooperation through various support measures.

During discussions on artificial intelligence models, participants should be provided with a clear demonstration of the changes that new approaches or requirements would bring about. The possibility of collaborative editing of working versions of documents should be made available, whereby any participant may add an example or a counter‑example to the thesis under discussion.

A risk-based approach, the prohibition of unacceptable categories of AI (including social scoring and behavioural manipulation), and transparency requirements. The Global Dialogue may adopt the methodology of risk stratification. Responsible AI governance through open models (such as BLOOM), where issues of licensing, data provenance and auditing are addressed publicly.